7.潟湖与礁坪相比纬度差异不大；潟湖地势低，水域较深，与外海水体交换少，水域较稳定，利于生物生存。故选A。8.永暑礁位于南沙群岛，建立它的主要意义在于：维护国家领土主权和海洋权益，为航行于南海的各国船只提供必要的服务，为海洋科研、气象观察、环境保护等提供相应的服务，而发展海洋牧业，增加渔民收入不是其建立的主要意义，故选B。

DScientists have come up with a new way to measure ocean trash()and the numbers are even worse thanthought.In 2010,eight million tons of plastic trash ended up in the ocean from coastal countries-far more thanthe trash floating on the surface of the ocean.That's bad news.The even worse news is that the tonnage()may increase by as much as ten times in the next decade unless the world finds a better way to improve how trashis collected and managed.The new study identifies the major sources of plastic trash and names the top 20 countries producing thegreatest amount of ocean trash.The United States is 20th.The rest of the list includes 11 Asian countries,Turkey,5 African countries,and Brazil.The size of the difference is huge-20 to 2,000 times more than the amount of floating trash.To make thefigure eight million tons understandable,Jenna Jambeck,who led the study,compares it to lining up five grocerybags of trash on every foot of coastline around the globe."And by 2025,those five grocery bags of plastic aregoing to be ten bags,she says."That would be 155 million tons a year if present trash management practicesremain the same.”Ocean plastic has turned up everywhere.It has been found in the deep sea and buried in Arctic ice withterrible consequences for some 700 species of wildlife in the ocean.The study has also created a new mystery.Because what flows into the ocean is so large,scientists now haveto figure out where else it collects and in what amounts."But what we need to do now is close the gap,saysRichard Thompson,a scientist from the U.K.12.What is the most serious problem concerning ocean trash?A.There is no way to get rid of it.B.Eight million tons of trash goes into the ocean.C.A lot more trash may be put into the ocean in the future.D.The way to measure ocean trash hasn't been found.13.Jenna Jambeck explains the seriousness of ocean trash mainly byA.showing the causesB.describing a processC.making comparisonsD.making a classification14.The underlined part "the gap"in the last paragraph refers to the difference betweenA.what is harmless and what is dangerousB.what is on the surface and what is in the deep seaC.what is found and what can be recycledD.what is from America and what is from other countries15.Which of the following can best describe the author's tone in writing the text?A.Doubtful.B.Hopeless.C.Critical.D.Concerned.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们想出了一种测量海洋垃圾的新方法，而测试结果比想象的还要糟糕。科学家们通过研究发现了塑料垃圾的主要来源，并且科学家们现在必须弄清楚塑料垃圾还能从哪里收集、收集多少。l2.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的The even worse news is that the tonnage may increase by as much as tentimes in the next decade unless the world finds a better way to improve how trash is collected and managed.知，最严重的问题是将来垃圾的数量还可能会增加。l3.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的To make the figure eight million tons understandable,Jenna Jambeck,wholed the study,compares it to lining up five grocery bags of trash on every foot of coastline around the globe.知，Jenna Jambeck是通过作对比的方法来说明垃圾数量的严重性的。l4.B词义猜测题。根据最后一段Because what flows into the ocean is so large,scientists now have to figure outwhere else it collects and in what amounts..可知，这里的where包括海洋表面和海底，所以the gap指的就是“海洋表面和海底垃圾数量的差异”。15.D推理判断题。根据全文作者描述的数据以及两位科学家说的话可知，作者对于海洋垃圾增加是非常关心的。

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