第二节体裁:说明文主题:人与社会一—汉语拼音【语篇导读】汉语拼音于20世纪50年代末发展起来,1979年在中国大陆正式使用,并被公认为是汉语罗马化的国际标准。它已经成功地作为一种表示汉语发音的系统和作为一种罗马化汉语名字的系统。56. officially【解题思路】考査副词。根据句子结构和语法可知,空处要用副词来修饰adopted故填 officially57.What【解题思路】考查宾语从句。该句表示,虽然拼音系统使用的是罗马字母表,但它已经重新指定了一些字母的发音,这些发音与讲英语的人所期待的发音有很大的不同。根据句意,并分析句子结构可知,fmm后应是一个宾语从句,且从句中缺少宾语。故填what知识拓展that与what引导名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分且无意义,在宾语从句通常省路,但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略;what除起连接作用外,还在从句中作成分,意为“所……的(东西)”,在含义上等于“名词+that”。如1.that引导名词性从句The police learned that he wasn't there at thattime.警察获知他那时不在场。He realized that she too was exhausted.他意识到她也筋疲力尽了。My idea is that you shouldn't have left theountry.我的意见是你不应该离开这个国家。Bob has the mistaken idea that tomorrow is aholiday.Bob错误地认为明天是一个假日。It is natural that they have different views. ft们有不同的看法是自然的2.what引导名词性从句What(=The thing that )he said was true. fe所讲的是事实。What he had hoped at last came true.他曾希望的事终于成为现实。What she saw gave her a fright.她看到的情况吓了她一跳。I managed to get what I wanted.我设法得到了我想要的东西。It was what he meant rather than what he said这是他的原意而不是他的原话。Her interest was roused by what he said.他的话引起了她的兴趣。He was always conscious of the fact that shedid not approve of what he was doing.他一向清楚她不赞成他所做的事情。58. to have【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中的i引导的是条件状语从句,且由句意可知,此处表达的是,如果一个人的发音要与普通话接近,故从句应用表示将来的 be to do结构,所以此空应填 to have59. is representing/ represents【解题思路】考查时态。根据句意可知,这里指“接近它正代表的普通话的声音”或“接近它所代表的普通话的声音”(一般情况),所以句子应用现在进行时或般现在时。故此空填 15 representing/ represents。60. confusing【解题思路】考查词性转换。根据句意和语法可知,这里指的是不会更“令人困惑”,要用-ing形式的形容词。故此空填 confusing61. choice【解题思路】考查名词。由空后的介词of可知,空处应填所给词的名词形式,此处表示“拼音字母的选择”。故此空填 choice62.the【解题思路】考查冠词。 the number of表示“……的数量”,为固定搭配;此处表达的是减少数量。所以要用the。63.as【解题思路】考查介词。根据上下文语境可知,此处表达的是“它将多音节字表示为单独一个字的方式”。 represent..as.为固定用法,故填as。64. which【解题思路】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰 previous systems,且从句中缺少主语,故应用 which来引导该定语从句。65.less【解题思路】考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知,此处是在比较将拼音作为发音系统和将其作为一种罗马化汉语名字的系统故这里要使用比较级,表示的是,后者不太成功,因为音调标记通常会被去掉。故此空填less长难包分析 Another obvious improvement is theway it represents multi-syllabic words as a single wordunlike previous systems, which insisted in separatingeach syllable with a space分析:本句为主从复合句。 it represents multiyllabic words as a single word unlike previoussystems为省略了关系词的定语从句,该从句修饰way: which insisted in separating each syllable with aspace是 which引导的非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰 previous sy句意:另一个明显的改进是它将多音节宇表示为单独一个字的方式,不像以前的系统坚持用空格分隔每个音节

第二部分:参考范文was stuck for five or six minutes though it felt much longer. How I wished I had not actedo foolishly, making myself a laughing stock of my family! I could well imagine how they wouldok when my head come out. Seeing my repeated efforts but in vain, Jason rushed out of theoom and turned to Dad for help. Seeing me caught in such a situation, Dad was unexpectedlysurprised, but soon surprise transformed into laughter. He tried my approaches, and eventuallymanaged to gt my head out by carefullythe pumpkin open with a knife. Just when I feltrelieved to be freed form the pumpkin, I suddenly found that mon should be shooting all thathappened to me and would upload it onlineThat video was posted online the Monday before Halloween. It went viral immediately. Justwithin hours, hundreds of likes and funny comments appeared, showing their enthusiasm.Constant streams of curious people even came by to take photos with us and my prized pumpkinJson was really excited and Mon was glad that her video should become such a hit and thus greweven crazier about shooting videos. But for me, though a little embarrassed, I soon totally forgotInforgettable"incident and set out for the trick-or treating. i would like to take it as a treat toadd joy and un to this festive Halloween for everyone.原作续写I was stuck for five or six minutes though it felt much longer. The video cuts before myrescue Dad got me to push my head farther into the pumpkin so Mom could reach in and undonytail. I emerged withose plugged with pulp(糊状物)hat Facebook video went up the Monday before Halloween, and by the end of that day it hadover 1.000People asked MonYou Tube, and by wednesdaygetting 5then the international me.- the video startedracking up hundreds of thousands of views. When I went on a youth camp, I was rebychildren I've never net. The pumpkin also became a minor celebrity. Passers-by and trick-orwould knock and ask, "which is Rachel's pumpkin? "before taking selfies with itAlthough our pumpkin carving the following year was a more sedate affair, I wouldn't sayhide-and-seek and became hopelessly jammed It was Dad who responded to my cries for achorearned my lesson. A few months later I squeezed myself into a laundry basket during a game

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